Pathophysiology Writing Questions Paper
Mr. Gray, a 65-year-old man, was in
an automobile accident in which he suffered a concussion. Soon after he was
released, he noticed what he described as a “gray spot” in his field of vision.
At first he ignored it, thinking it would go away, but the spot seemed to
darken and spread over his visual field. He didn’t report any pain with the
problem. On calling his physician, he was advised to go to the nearest hospital
immediately. A detached retina was diagnosed.
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Get Help Now!After treatment, he regained most of
his normal sight back. Five years later, he began having problems again. The
central area of his visual field was becoming blurred, and he was losing his
depth perception. An initial eye examination revealed neovascularization in
both eyes.
Question 1
Relate
the patient history and circumstances of the injury and the signs and symptoms
related to the pathophysiology of this condition.
Question 2
Discuss
the treatments available for the patient.
Question 3
Relate
the symptoms and signs to those of macular degeneration.
Question 4
Discuss
the treatment available and the prognosis for recovering his normal vision.
Mr.
Quinn, age 64 years, developed a severe headache several hours ago that has not
responded to acetaminophen. Now his speech is slurred, and his right arm and
the right side of his face feel numb. He is very anxious and is transported to
the hospital. Mr. Quinn has a history of smoking and arteriosclerosis, and there
is family history of CVA and diabetes. Assessment at the hospital indicated
weakness on the right side, including facial asymmetry and a blood pressure of
220/110 Hg mm. A CT scan showed damaged tissue on the left side of the brain,
and an angiogram indicated narrowing of the carotid arteries and middle
cerebral arteries, with occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery.
Question 1
Discuss
the pathophysiology related to CVA due to thrombus vs. embolus. Describe the
stages in the development of an atheroma.
Question 2
Explain
the predisposing factors in this case, and relate Mr. Quinn’s initial signs to
the pathological changes.
Question 3
Discuss
the treatments available after first aid for stroke patients and the patient’s
prognosis.
Mr.
Nimmo, age 66, has noticed excessive fatigue, muscle aches, and weakness in his
legs for some time. His hands were shaking slightly, although his wife reported
that the shaking appeared to stop when he fell asleep. Some unintentional head
movements were also apparent. He remembers that his grandfather died in his
mid-60s after suffering for years from a condition with similar symptoms. After
several tests and the elimination of some other neuromuscular conditions, a
diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease was made for Mr. Nimmo.
Question 1
Discuss
the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease and how it differs from other
neuromuscular conditions affecting older adults.
.
Question 2
Discuss
the usual progression of the disease as the pathophysiology develops further.
Indicate additional manifestations that will be noticeable.
Question 3
Describe
the complications that frequently develop, including the rationale for each and
the early indications of each problem.
Question 4
Discuss
the treatments available to this patient.
